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Toxicity Testing Methods

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Toxicity Testing Methods

By medicilon | Press Events | 12 February, 2018 |

Knowledge of toxicity is primarily obtained in three ways:

  • By the study and observation of people during normal use of a substance or from accidental exposures
  • By experimental studies using animals
  • By studies using cells (human, animal, plant)

Workplace modern laboratory for molecular biology test on blue background

Most chemicals are now subject to stringent government requirements for safety testing before they can be marketed. This is especially true for pharmaceuticals, food additives, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.

 

Exposure of the public to inadequately tested drugs or environmental agents has resulted in several notable disasters. Examples include:

  • Severe toxicity from the use of arsenic to treat syphilis
  • Deaths from a solvent (ethylene glycol) used in sulfanilamide preparations (one of the first antibiotics)
  • Thousands of children born with severe birth defects resulting from pregnant women using thalidomide, an anti-nausea medicine

 

By the mid-twentieth century, disasters were becoming commonplace with the increasing rate of development of new synthetic chemicals. Knowledge of potential toxicity was absent prior to exposures of the general public.

 

The following Federal regulatory agencies were established to assure public safety:

Food and Drug Administration
For pharmaceuticals, food additives, and medical devices

Environmental Protection Agency
For agricultural and industrial chemicals released to environment

Consumer Product Safety Commission
For toxins present in consumer products

Department of Transportation
For the shipment of toxic chemicals

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
For exposure to chemicals in the workplace

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  • Home
  • About
    • Medicilon Overview
    • Executive Team
    • CEO Message
    • Corporate Culture
    • Company History
    • Honor
  • Services
    • Chemistry Services
      • Medicinal Chemistry Services
      • Synthetic Chemistry
      • Process Development Services
      • Analytical Chemistry
    • Drug Formulation
      • Pre Formulation Development
      • Analytical Development
      • Formulation Development Services
      • Generics Consistency Evaluation
      • Research on Quality Control
      • Clinical Trial Material
    • Biology Services
      • Discovery Biology Services
      • Recombinant Protein Services
      • Computational Biology & Molecular Modeling
      • Crystallization & Structural Determination
      • Kinase Services
      • SeMet Media Sales
    • Pharmacology Services
      • Cancer Xenograft Models
      • Orthotopic Models
      • Syngeneic Mouse Models
      • Transgenic Mouse Model
      • Humanized Mouse Model (hPBMCEngrafted)
      • PDX Model
      • Digestive System Models
      • Neurological Disorders Models
      • Metabolic Disease Models
      • Inflammation & Immunological Disease Models
      • Other Disease Models
    • Bioanalytical Services
      • Large Molecule Bioanalysis
      • Small Molecule Bioanalysis
    • Pharmacokinetic Services
      • In Vivo Assays
      • In Vitro Assays
    • Drug Safety Evaluation
    • Integrated Projects
      • Preclinical Research Services
      • IND Filing
      • Bio Drug Development
      • Chemical Drug Development
      • Chemical Compound Druggability Assessment
  • Customer
    • Customer Reviews
    • New Models of Collaboration
    • Intellectual Property Protection
    • Download Center
  • Careers
  • News
    • Our Events
    • Market Activity
    • Press Events
  • Contact
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