GEM Models

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• Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models are widely used and have proved to be a powerful tool in drug discovery processes. GEM models of human disease could improve drug development.
  Using transgenic technology, extra DNA that encodes the gene of interest can be integrated into the mouse genome; using knockout or knock-in technology, specific regions of the mouse genome can be selectively deleted or modified.
  GEM models have become an invaluable tool for validating targets, identifying pharmacodynamic markers of drug action, detecting toxicity, and evaluating safety. Improvements in technologies and the development of new GEMs are expected to guide future applications of these models to drug discovery and preclinical trials.

• Cell Line
  PD-1CTLA-4PD-1 & CTLA-4

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